English Vocab 4 By Anoop Verma Sir

1. Cunning (noun): Having or showing skill in achieving one's ends by deceit or evasion. (चतुरता/चालाकपन)

• Synonyms: Crafty, Wily, Artful, Guileful, clever, Ingenious, Leery, Devious.
• Antonyms: Dull, Stupid, Unintelligent, Knave.

Example: My sister and brother have a competition every year to see who can think up the most cunning April Fool’s trick.

Related words:

Cunningly (adverb) - चालाकी से

Cunningness (noun) - चालाकी

2. Incarnation (noun): A person or body who embodies in the flesh a deity, spirit, or quality. (अवतरण/अवतार)

• Synonyms: Embodiment, Personification, Exemplification, Type, Epitome.

Example: The film is the latest incarnation of a fairy tale that dates back to the Middle Ages.

Verb forms: Incarnate, Incarnated, Incarnated.

Related words:

Incarnate (verb) -  साकार रूप में रखना

3. Beleaguer (verb): To cause constant or repeated trouble for.  (अवरोध करना/तंग करना/परेशान करना)  

• Synonyms: Bother, Trouble, Disturb, Harass, Badger, Persecute.
• Antonyms: Aid, Please, Help, Assist.

Example: A lack of funds is going to beleaguer the school district and cause several school closures.

Verb forms: Beleaguer, Beleaguered, Beleaguered.

4. Assassination (noun): Murder, as by secret assault or treachery / kill someone discreetly.  (हत्या)

• Synonyms: Murder, Killing, Slaughter, Extermination.
• Antonyms: Birth.

Example: On October 7, 1991, the presidential palace in Croatia's capital city of Zagreb was hit by rockets, in an assassination attempt on the President.

Verb forms: Assassinate, Assassinated, Assassinated.

Related words:

Assassinate (verb) – हत्या करना

5. Dissident (noun): A person who opposes the current political structure, group or laws; one who disagrees. (मतभेदी)  

• Synonyms: Dissenter, Objector, Protester, Disputant, Nonconformist.
• Antonyms: Agreeing, Confirming.

Example: Charlie’s family members were devout Catholics, while he was considered dissident for not identifying with the religion.

6. Pragmatism (noun): An approach that evaluates theories or beliefs in terms of the success of their practical application. (यथार्थवाद/व्यवहारवाद)

• Synonyms: Appositeness, Aptness, Practicality.
• Antonyms: Inappropriateness.

Example: The king was a pragmatic ruler who always sought the sensible advice of his advisers.

Related words:

Pragmatist (noun) – व्यवहारवादी

7. Delicate (adjective): Easily broken or damaged.  (कमजोर/नाजुक)

• Synonyms: Fragile, Breakable, Easily Broken/Damaged, Frail, Frangible.
• Antonyms: Firm, Healthy, Strong, Tough.

Example: The Delicate relations between countries got worse as the one of those violated ceasefire.

Related words:

Delicately (adverb) – in a delicate manner

8. Bonhomie (noun): Cheerful friendliness /  a pleasant, good-natured manner. (मिलनसारिता)

• Synonyms: Amenity, Affableness, Amiableness, Cordiality, Friendliness, Pleasantness.
• Antonyms: Aloofness, Coldness.

Example: The bonhomie ended when a hostile argument broke out between neighbors.

9. Persecution (noun):  Hostility and ill-treatment (कष्ट/उत्पीड़न)

• Synonyms: Oppression, Victimization, Maltreatment, Discrimination.
• Antonyms: Happiness, Joy, Succor.

Example: The national hate crime laws were initially enacted to prevent the persecution of minorities.

Verb forms: Persecute, Persecuted, Persecuted.

Related words:

Persecute (verb) - कष्ट पहुंचाना

10. Snub (noun):  An act of rebuffing or ignoring someone or something. (अपमान)   

• Synonyms: Rebuff, Insult, Repulse, Slight, Disregard, Humiliation.
• Antonyms: Praise, Laud, Flatter, Respect.

Example: He ignored the snub of his in-laws as he loved his wife very much and he didn’t want to create any bitterness.

Verb forms: Snub, Snubbed, Snubbed.

Related words:

Snub (verb) – अपमान करना

11. Dodge (verb): Avoid (someone or something) by a sudden quick movement. (बचना/टालना)  

• Synonyms: Dart, Swerve, Veer, Evade, Avoid.
• Antonyms: Face, Counter.

Example: Don’t dodge the trivialities of business; one day these will make a large gain.

Verb forms: Dodge, Dodged, Dodged.

12. Quixotic (adjective): Unrealistic and impractical. (अवास्तविक/अव्यावहारिक)  

• Synonyms: Utopian, Impractical, Unrealistic, Unworldly.
• Antonyms: Practical, Pragmatic, Realistic, Thoughtful.

Example: Henry knew running for class president was a quixotic idea, but he was not going to let his enemy run unopposed.

Related words:

Quixotically (adverb) – कल्पनाशीलतापूर्वक

13. Delegation (noun): A body of delegates or representatives.  (प्रतिनिधि मंडल)  

• Synonyms: Deputation, Delegacy, Legation, Commission.

Example: The manager will delegate many of his duties to the new assistant manager.

Verb forms: Delegate, Delegated, Delegated.

Related words:

Delegate (verb) - अधिकार देना

14. Congenital (adjective): Having a particular trait from birth or by firmly established habit. / existing since birth. (जन्मजात/पैदाइशी)

• Synonyms: Inveterate, Compulsive, Persistent, Chronic, Regular, Pathological, Established, Long-Established, Long-Standing.
• Antonyms: Neophyte, Fledgling. 

Example: Her deafness was considered congenital because she was born without hearing.

15. Quid pro quo (noun): A favor or advantage granted in return for something. (प्रतिकर/बदले में कुछ देना)

• Synonyms: Equal Exchange, Equal Substitution, Equivalent, Return, Reciprocity.
• Antonyms: Giver, Benefactor.

Example: In politics nobody does something for nothing: there's always a quid pro quo involved.