English Vocab 30 By Anoop Verma Sir

1. Caveat (noun): A warning of the limits of a particular agreement or statement. (आपत्ति सूचना/चेतावनी)

• Synonyms: Admonition, Alarm, Caution, Forewarning, Monition, Alert.
• Antonyms: Ignorance, Incognizance.

Example: The caveat of the contract includes a penalty fee if the loan is not repaid on time.

2. Fathom (verb): Penetration for understanding./ The extent of understanding (a difficult problem or an enigmatic person) after much thought.(पूर्ण रूप से समझना)

• Synonyms: Understand, Comprehend, Grasp, Catch, Follow, Perceive, Absorb.
• Antonyms: Misinterpret, Misunderstand, Estimate, Guess, Lose, Neglect.

Example: Since I have always done my work, I cannot fathom why my boss just fired me.

Verb forms: Fathom, Fathomed, Fathomed.

Related words:

• Fathomless (noun) - अथाह

3. Amnesty (noun): Grant a pardon to. (क्षमादान)

• Synonyms: Forgiveness, Immunity, Reprieve, Absolution, Dispensation.
• Antonyms: Punishment, Penalty.

Example: The peace agreement calls for the guerrillas to turn in their weapons, in return for complete amnesty.

Verb forms: Amnesty, Amnestied, Amnestied.

Related words:

• Amnesty (verb) - क्षमा करना   

4. Cope with (phrasal verb): To face and deal with responsibilities, problems, or difficulties, especially successfully or in a calm or adequate manner.  (सामना करना)

• Synonyms: Face, Deal, Encounter, Contest, Wrestle, Contest.
• Antonyms:  Give Up, Make Peace, Retreat, Surrender, Give In.

Example: It remains to be seen whether the government can cope with the differing viewpoints of the business sector and the anti-poverty groups.

Verb forms: Cope with, Coped with, Coped with.

5. Diktat (noun): An order or decree imposed by someone in power without popular consent.  (फरमान/ आदेश)

• Synonyms: Order, Decree, Command, Instructions, Behest.
• Antonyms: Defiance, Disobedience, Contempt.

Example: The company president issued a diktat that employees may not wear jeans to work.

6. Arbitrary (adjective): Not done for any particular reason; chosen or done at random.  (मनमानी/ इच्छाधीन)

• Synonyms: Capricious, Whimsical, Random, Erratic, Unpredictable, Inconsistent, Wild, Irrational.
• Antonyms: Consistent, Definite, Logical, Reasonable, Regular, Reliable, Sensible, Steady.

Example: In spite of the cold weather, we made an arbitrary trip to the beach.

Related words:

• Arbitrarily (adverb) – मनमाने ढंग से
• Arbitrariness (noun) – मनमानापन

7. Tantamount (adjective):  Equivalent in seriousness to; virtually the same as. (समान/ बराबर)

• Synonyms: Commensurate, Identical, Alike, Equal, Equivalent, Parallel.
• Antonyms: Different, Opposite, Polar, Reverse.

Example: Some parents say that spanking is tantamount to child abuse while others believe it's effective discipline.

8. Ostensible (adjective): To all outward appearance./ stated or appearing to be true, but not necessarily so. (प्रत्यक्ष/ दृश्यमान)

• Synonyms: Apparent, Seeming, Outward, Avowed, Presumed, Purported, Pretended, Feigned.
• Antonyms: Improbable, Obscure, Unlikely, Vague.

Example: Ostensibly, the celebrity seemed to be hiding from photographers by wearing a disguise.

Related words:

• Ostensibly (adverb) - प्रकट रूप से

9. Stipulate (verb): To specify as a condition or requirement (as of an agreement or offer) (निर्धारित /नियत)

• Synonyms: Designate, Lay Down, Require, Specify, Put condition, Contract, Covenant.
• Antonyms: Break, Confuse, Decline, Mix up.

Example: The software company’s policies stipulate employees must take two fifteen-minute breaks a day.

Verb forms: Stipulate, Stipulated, Stipulated

Related words:

• Stipulation (noun) - अनुबंध/नियम 
• Stipulatory (adjective) – अनुबंधगत

10. Spook (verb): Frighten or scare by or from something.  (दर जाना/भयभीत होना)

• Synonyms: Frighten, Scare, Unnerve, Panic, Horrify.
• Antonyms: Calm, Comfort, Delight, Please, Soothe.

Example: Spooked by the ostensible images in his dream, Jack decided not to go out in the dark.

Verb forms: Spook, Spooked, Spooked.

Related words:

• Spooky (adjective) - डरावना