English Vocab 20 By Anoop Verma Sir

1. Antidote (noun): Something that counteracts an unpleasant feeling or situation. (मारक/प्रतिकार)  
Synonyms: Remedy, Cure, Corrective, Nostrum, Countermeasure, Counteragent.
Antonyms: Disease, Problem, Crunch.
Example: Laughter is a good antidote to stress.
Related words:
Antidotary (adjective) - प्रतिविषीय /प्रतिकारी

2. Contemporary (adjective): Occurring at the same time/ belonging to or occurring in the present. (समकालीन/समसामयिक)  
Synonyms: Current, Instant, Present, Co-Existing, Coeval.
Antonyms: Future, Old, Past, Old-Fashioned, Preceding, Succeeding.
Example: While young people tend to prefer contemporary music, the older generation prefers to listen to music from the 1970’s and the 1980’s.
Related words:
Contemporaneous (adjective) – समकालीन
Contemporaneously (adverb) – एक ही समय
Contemporaneousness (noun) – आधुनिकता

3. Utopian (adjective):  Modeled on or aiming for a state in which everything is perfect. (काल्पनिक आदर्श)  
Synonyms: Idealistic, Abstract, Fanciful, Fantasy, Sublime.  
Antonyms: Real, Actual, Existent.
Example: This world is not a utopia because it contains too much crime and starvation.
Related words:
Utopianism (noun) - आदर्शवाद

4. Fascinating (adjective): Extremely interesting. (आकर्षक)  
Synonyms: Alluring, Charming, Enticing, Delectable.
Antonyms: Boring, Repellent, Repulsive, Uninteresting.
Example: Microscopes allow us to get a glimpse of the fascinating world of micro-organisms.
Verb forms: Fascinate, Fascinated, Fascinated.
Related words:
Fascinate (verb) – आकर्षण करना
Fascinatingly (adverb) – आकर्षक रूप से

5. Assassinate (verb): Murder (an important person) for Some reasons (especially political or religious reasons.)  (हत्या करना)  
Synonyms: Murder, Kill, Execute, Slaughter, liquidate, exterminate.
Antonyms: Protect, Save, Guard.
Example: The CIA supposedly formed a plot to assassinate Cuban President Fidel Castro with an exploding cigar.
Verb forms: Assassinate, Assassinated, Assassinated.
Related words:
Assassination (noun) - हत्या 

6. Conscience (noun): A person's moral sense of right and wrong, viewed as acting as a guide to one's behavior. (अन्तरात्मा/अंतःकरण)  
Synonyms: Morals, Standards, Values, Principles, Ethics, Creed, Beliefs, Compunction.
Antonyms: Immorality, Unethics.
Example: The serial killer’s lack of a conscience made it very easy for him to kill people.
Related words:
Conscienceless (noun) – अविवेक पूर्ण

7. Audacity (noun): A willingness to take bold risks. (साहसिकता)  
Synonyms: Boldness, Daring, Fearlessness, Intrepidity, Bravery, Courage.
Antonyms: Cowardice, Fear, Timidity.

Example: After robbing the bank, the robber had the audacity to leave an insulting note for the police.
Related words:
Audacious (adjective) – निडर

8. Orthodoxy (noun): Authorized or generally accepted theory, doctrine, or practice. (धर्मनिष्ठता)
Synonyms: Doctrine, Belief, Conviction, Creed, Dogma, Credo, Tenet.
Antonyms: Disbelief, Agnosticism.
Example: While my brother is quite adventurous and likes to try new things, I hate change and prefer to maintain an orthodox lifestyle.
Related words:
Orthodox (adjective) - धर्मनिष्ठ/परंपरागत

9. Perishing (adjective): Causing destruction, ruin, extreme discomfort, or death.  (मार देनेवाला/कष्ट देने वाला/भयानक)   
Synonyms: Ruining, Wrecking, Crumbling, Ceasing.
Antonyms: Aiding, Helpful, Benign.
Example: We searched for a vaccination, fearing that we would perish by the plague.
Verb forms: Perish, Perished, Perished.
Related words:
Perish (verb) - मर जाना/खत्म हो जाना
Perishable (adjective) - विकारी

10. Autonomous (adjective):  Free from external control and constraint in e.g. action and judgment/ having the freedom to act independently.(स्वतन्त्र/स्वायत्त)   
Synonyms: Self-Governing, Independent, Sovereign, Free, Self-Ruling, Self-Determining, Autarchic.
Antonyms: Subservient, Dependent.
Example: Teenagers should have the autonomy to make their own decisions in preparation for their lives as adults.
Related words:
Autonomy (noun) – स्वायत्तता 
Autonomously (adverb) - स्वायत्तता से

11. Tyrannical (adjective): Characteristic of an absolute ruler or absolute rule; having absolute sovereignty/ exercising power in a cruel or arbitrary way. (निरंकुश)  
Synonyms: Autocratic, Dictatorial, Despotic, Undemocratic, Illiberal.
Antonyms: Compassionate, Democratic, Gentle, Kind.
Example: Working together, the two countries hoped they could uproot the dictator and free the small nation from tyranny.
Related words:
Tyranny (noun) – निर्दयता/निरंकुशता

12. Motto (noun): A short sentence or phrase chosen as encapsulating the beliefs or ideals of an individual, family, or institution. (सिद्धांत/आदर्श -वाक्य)  
Synonyms: Adage, Dictum, Precept, Catchphrase, Shibboleth. 
Example: “Hope for the best and prepare for the worst” is my motto of self-encouragement.
13. Hypocrisy (noun): The practice of claiming to have higher standards or more noble beliefs than is the case. (आडम्बर/कपट)
Synonyms: Duplicity, Imposture, Pietism, Cant.
Antonyms: Fairness, Honesty, Truthfulness, Righteousness.
Example: Students protested that the rule about cell phones was just a bunch of hypocrisy because teachers were always using their cell phones.
Related words:
Hypocrite (adjective) – पाखंडी
Hypocritically (adverb) - पाखंडपूर्ण ढंग से
Hypocritical (adjective) - पाखंडपूर्ण

14. Propound (verb): Put forward (an idea or theory) for consideration by others/ to bring forth for deliberation or consideration. (स्थापित करना )  
Synonyms: Set Forth, Postulate, Propose, Offer, Present.
Antonyms: Deny, Dissuade, Ignore, Refuse.
Example: The president will propound the key points of his healthcare proposal during his biannual speech.
Verb forms: Propound, Propounded, Propounded.

15. Transcend (verb): Surpass (a person or achievement). / be or go beyond the range or limits of (a field of activity or conceptual sphere). (पार होना/ऊंचा होना)
Synonyms: Exceed, Go Past, Overstep, Pass, Top, Surpass, Excel.
Antonyms: Be Inferior, Fail, Fall Behind, Lose, Surrender.
Example: According to some religions, you will transcend the limits of this world and enter another world when you die.
Verb forms: Transcend, Transcended, Transcended.
Related words:
Transcendence (noun) - उत्कृष्टता
Transcendent (adjective) - उत्कृष्ट
Transcendental (adjective) - अतिउत्तम

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