English Vocab 36 By Anoop Verma Sir

1. Ruse (noun): A plan or plot to mislead someone. (चाल)

Synonyms: Ploy, Stratagem, Tactic, Move, Trick, Gambit, Manoeuvre.

Antonyms: Frankness, Honesty, Openness, Reality, Stagnation, Truth.

Example: Many home invaders gain access to homes by using the excuse of a lost child as a ruse.

2. Referendum (noun): A general vote by the electorate on a single political question which has been referred to them for a direct decision. (जनमत) 

Synonyms: Public Vote, Plebiscite, Popular Vote, Poll.

Example: During the economic crisis, it is highly unlikely people will support the referendum for a tax increase.

3. Precarity (noun): Being unsettled or in doubt or dependent on chance/the state of being unstable, dangerous or difficult. (अनिश्चितता/अस्थिरता)

Synonyms: Uncertainty, Unpredictability, Bewilderment, Dubiety, Doubtfulness.

Antonyms: Assurance, Certainty, Definiteness, Surety.

Example: Choosing between closing my business or laying off employees puts me in a precarious position.

Related words:

Precarious (adjective) - अनिश्चित

Precariousness (noun) - अनिश्चितता

Precariously (adverb) - अनिश्चित रूप से

4. In a Nutshell (Idiom): Something that you say when you are describing something using as few words as possible.  (संक्षेप में)

Synonyms: Briefly, Shortly, Concisely, Precisely, Summarily.

Antonyms: Elaborately, Explanatory.

Example: Hawking describes in his recent book The Universe in a Nutshell how he tried to put his chronology protection idea on a firm theoretical.

5. Viability (noun): Ability to work successfully. (विकास क्षमता)

Synonyms: Potentiality, Capability, Proficiency, Efficacy.

Antonyms: Impotence, Inability, Incapability, Incapacity.

Example: Once upon a time, solar power was not viewed as a viable energy source.

Related words:

Viable (adjective) - (विकासक्षम)

6. Eloquent (adjective):  Fluent or persuasive in speaking or writing/ having or showing the ability to use language clearly and effectively. (सुवक्ता/वाग्मी)

Synonyms: Persuasive, Expressive, Articulate, Fluent, Facund.

Antonyms: Dull, Inarticulate, Indifferent. 

Example: Margie is an eloquent storyteller who can paint a picture with her words.

Related words:

Eloquently (adverb) - वाक्पटुता से

7. Sprout (verb): To develop or shoot forth.  (उत्पन्न करना/विकसित होना) 

Synonyms: Germinate, Grow, Develop, Arise, Emerge,

Antonyms: Halt, Stop, Die, Shrink, Shrivel.

Example: The young actor decided to sprout a beard to give himself a more aged appearance.

Verb forms: Sprout, Sprouted, Sprouted.

8. Assorted (adjective): Of various sorts put together; miscellaneous. (विभिन्न) 

Synonyms: Sundry, Diversified, Varied, Various, Miscellaneous, Diverse, Of Different Kind.

Antonyms: Similar, Unvaried, Same, Alike.

Example: She kept an assorted selection of movies on hand in case any of her guests wanted to watch something.

Verb forms: Assort, Assorted, Assorted.

Related words:

Assort (verb) - अलग अलग करना

Assortment (noun) - पृथक्करण

9. Consensus (noun): The judgment arrived at by most of those concerned/ group solidarity in sentiment and belief.  (सर्वसम्मति) 

Synonyms: Accord, Harmony, Concurrence, Consent, Unison, Unanimity. 

Antonyms: Disagreement, Dissension, Opposition, Refusal, Opposition.

Example: The Prime Minister stated that he would not introduce a new tax without the consensus of public opinion.

Verb forms: Consent, Consented, Consented.

Related words:

Consensual (adjective) - सहमति से

Consent (verb) – सहमत होना

10. Renege (verb): Go back on a promise, undertaking, or contract. (मुकरना/पीछे हटना)

Synonyms: Denial, Reverse, Nay, Retreat On, Withdraw From.

Antonyms: Agree, Allow, Consent.

Example: I went to another car dealer after the salesman tried to renege on the low price he initially offered me.

Verb forms: Renege, Reneged, Reneged.

11. Paradigm (noun): A typical example, pattern or model of something (प्रतिरूप)

Synonyms: Standard, Exempler, Model, Pattern, Prototype.

Example: Handsome, intelligent, and kind, John is the paradigm of the perfect man.

Related words:

Paradigmatic (adverb) - प्रतिमानात्मक

12. Skepticism (noun): An attitude of doubting the truth of something (such as a claim or statement).    (संशयवाद)

Synonyms:  Doubtfulness, Dubiousness, Disbelief, Suspicion.

Antonyms: Belief, Certainty, Sureness, Trust.

Example: It is the job of a scientist to remain skeptical until all evidence proves something to be absolutely true.

Related words:

Skeptic (adjective) - संदेहवादी    

Skeptical (adjective) - संशयात्मक

Skeptically (adverb) - संशयपूर्ण ढंग से

13. Gamut (noun): The entire range (सारे पहलु)

Synonyms: Range, Spectrum, Span, Extent, Reach.

Antonyms: Narrow, Parochial.

Example: The Company has a gamut of products ranging from infant toys to electrical wall outlets.

14. Xerox (verb) - Copy (a document) by the Xerox process. (प्रतिलिपि करना)

Synonyms: Photocopy, Copy, Duplicate, Replicate, Make A Replica Of.

Antonyms: Original, Real.

Example: He has his exam next day, but he is busy in xeroxing the notes.

Verb forms: Xerox, Xeroxed, Xeroxed.

15. Zealot (noun) – A person who is fanatical and uncompromising in pursuit of their religious, political, or other ideals. (कट्टरपंथी)

Synonyms: Fanatic, Enthusiast, Extremist, Radical, Diehard.

Antonyms: Conservative, Moderate.

Example: The cult leader was a zealot who killed anyone who dared to question his principles.

Related words:

Zealotry (noun) - कट्टरता