English Vocab 2 By Anoop Verma Sir

1. Barter (verb): The action or system of exchanging (विनिमय करना) 
  • Synonyms: Trade, Swap, Trade Off, Exchange.
  • Antonyms: Keep, Hold, Donate, Retain. 
Example: In the ancient times when there was no currency people used to barter the things.
Verb forms: Barter, Bartered, Bartered.
Related words:
Barterer (noun) – वस्तुविनिमेता

2. Extortionate (adjective):  Much too high; exorbitant./ greatly exceeding bounds of reason or moderation (अतिशय/बहुत ज्यादा) 
  • Synonyms: Exorbitant, Excessively High, Sky-High, Preposterous, Immoderate, Unreasonable, Inordinate.
  • Antonyms: Moderate, Low, Normal, Medium.
Example: The Bank loan rates are extortionate, so people are used to borrow from their neighbors.
Related words:
Extortionately (adverb) – अधिकता से

3. Forsake (verb): Abandon or leave. / renounce or give up (छोड़ना/त्यागना) 
  • Synonyms: Abandon, Leave, Quit, Renounce, Give Up, Relinquish. ,
  • Antonyms: Continue, Keep, Claim, Hold, Maintain.
Example: In order to be a nun, you must forsake all things which might interfere with your ability to dedicate your life to Christ.
Verb forms: Forsake, Forsook, Forsaken.

4. Sustainable (adjective): Able to be maintained at a certain rate or level. (सक्षम/चिरस्थायी/दीर्घकालिक)
  • Synonyms: Continual, Viable, Unceasing, Imperishable.
  • Antonyms: Untenable, Unendurable, Unsuitable, Fleeting, Temporary.
Example: We need to find a sustainable energy source to replace our fossils fuels because eventually there won't be any oil or gas left.
Verb forms: Sustain, Sustained, Sustained.
Related words:
Sustain (verb) - बनाए रखना
Sustainability (noun) - निरंतरता

5. Pioneering (noun): Develop or be the first to use or apply (a new method, area of knowledge, or activity). (अग्रणी)
  • Synonyms: Head, Inaugural, Initial, Lead, Original, Primary, Prime.
  • Antonyms: Secondary, Following, Last, Later.
Example: A lot of pioneers from Eastern Europe came to America to take up farming on the plains around the turn of the century.
Verb forms: Pioneer, Pioneered, Pioneered.
Related words:
 Pioneer (noun) - अग्रगामी/पथ प्रदर्शक
Pioneer (verb) – अग्रगामी होना /पथ प्रदर्शक होना

6. Erstwhile (adjective): Belonging to some prior time/ former (पहला/पूर्व का)
  • Synonyms: Bygone, Old, Past, Preceding, Former, Previous.
  • Antonyms: Nest, Following, Coming.
Example: Before she began using a pseudonym, the author was erstwhile known by another name.

7. Persuade (noun): To convince an individual or group to do something/ induce (someone) to do something through reasoning or argument.(समझाना/यकीन दिलाना) 
  • Synonyms: Cajole, Coax, Convince, Induce.
  • Antonyms: Discourage, Dissuade, Fail, Repel, Deter.
Example: When the salesman attempted to persuade me to buy a rundown car, I laughed in his face.
Verb forms: Persuade, Persuaded, Persuaded.
Related words:
Persuasion (noun) - समझाना-बुझाना

8. Benign (adjective): Of a mild type or character that does not threaten health or life /not harmful in effect. (हितकारी/लाभकारी) 
  • Synonyms: Benevolent, Amiable, Beneficent, Helpful. 
  • Antonyms: Disadvantageous, Harmful, Injurious, Malign.
Example: The eco-friendly company will only work in areas where its practices are benign.
Related words:
Benignity (noun) – सदयता/ अच्छापन
Benignant (adjective) - अच्छा
Benignly (adverb) – दयापूर्वक / अच्छे तरीके से

9. Tenet (noun):  A principle or belief, especially one of the main principles of a religion or philosophy. (सिद्धांत/मत) 
  • Synonyms: Principle, Belief, Doctrine, Precept, Creed, Credo, Article Of Faith, Dogma.
  • Antonyms: Disbelief, Doubt, Skepticism, Unbelief.
Example: The basic tenet of the diet program is the belief the consumption of an excess of fruits and vegetables will aid in weight reduction.
10. Abhorrence (noun): A strong feeling of hate paired with a feeling of loathing/ a feeling of revulsion; disgusted loathing. (विद्वेष)
  • Synonyms: Abomination, Detestation, malice, Loathing, Odium.
  • Antonyms: Kindness, Like, Love.
Example: Because Heather is a spoiled heiress, she looks upon homeless people with abhorrence.
Verb forms: Abhor, Abhorred, Abhorred.
Related words:
Abhor (verb) - नफरत करना
Abhorrent (noun) - घृणास्पद

11. Anchor (adjective): A person or thing which provides stability or confidence in an otherwise uncertain situation. (स्थिरक/सहारा)
  • Synonyms: Mainstay, Cornerstone, Bulwark, Ballast. 
  • Antonyms: Harm, Injury, Hurt.
Example: We had to anchor our tent to heavy rocks to keep it from blowing away in the high winds on the mountainside.
Verb forms: Anchor, Anchored, Anchored
Related words:
Anchor (verb) – सहारा देना

12. Collateral (noun): Something pledged as security for repayment of a loan, to be forfeited in the event of a default. (गारंटी)   
  • Synonyms: Security, Surety, Guarantee, Guaranty, Assurance, Insurance, Indemnity.
  • Antonyms: Insecurity, Danger, Peril, Risk.
Example: If William wants to use his boat as collateral for the business loan, he needs to show proof of ownership to the bank.

13. Intimate (adjective): Thoroughly acquainted through study or experience/ marked by close acquaintance, association, or familiarity.  (सुपरिचित/विस्तृत)
  • Synonyms: Closeness, Familiarity, Close Association.
  • Antonyms: Dislike, Farness, Away.
Example: It would be difficult to have an intimate conversation at a crowded football game.
Related words:
Intimately (adverb) - घनिष्टता से

14. Reluctance (noun): Unwillingness or disinclination to do something (अरुचि/अनिच्छा)   
  • Synonyms: Disinclination, Unwillingness, Indisposition.
  • Antonyms: Excited, Willingness, Penchant.
Example: The child reluctantly gave the toys back to his friend when it was time to go home.
Related words:
Reluctantly (adverb) – अनिच्छापूर्वक 
Reluctant(adjective) – अनिच्छुक

15. Altruism (noun): Disinterested and selfless concern for the well-being of others. (परोपकारिता)
  • Synonyms: Benevolence, Humanitarianism, Selflessness, Magnanimity, Philanthropy.
  • Antonyms: Meanness, Selfishness.
Example: The billionaire is an altruistic man who gives away millions of dollars every year to various charities.
Related words:
Altruistic (noun) – परहितवादी
Altruistically (adverb) – निस्वार्थ भाव से

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