English Vocab 47 By Anoop Verma Sir

1. Onus (noun): Something that is one's duty or responsibility.   (कार्य/कर्तव्य) 

Synonyms: Vouchment, Responsibility, Liability, Obligation, Duty.

Antonyms: Negligence, Irresponsibility, Insouciance. 

Example: It is the prosecuting attorney’s onus to prove the guilt of the defendant.

2. Decree (noun): An official order that has the force of law/ an official order issued by a legal authority. (आदेश/आज्ञा) 

Synonyms: Order, Edict, Command, Mandate, Proclamation, Dictum, Promulgation. 

Antonyms: Lawlessness, Defiance.

Example: The queen issued a royal decree which stopped people from visiting the royal gardens during the holidays.

3. Rendition (noun): A presentation or version of something / a performance or interpretation. (प्रतिपादन) 

Synonyms: Rendering, Interpretation, Presentation, Execution, Delivery.

Antonyms: Obscurity, Vagueness.

Example: There is no way the cinematic rendition of the novel can be as good as the printed work.

4. Presumption (noun): An idea that is taken to be true on the basis of probability/ a belief that something is true or false without having all of the facts. (परिकल्पना/अनुमान)

Synonyms: Assumption, Likelihood, Supposition, Opinion.

Antonyms: Fact, Truth, Reality.

Example: Because they were fighting more often than not, the girl made a presumption that her parents were unhappily married.

Verb forms: Presume, Presumed, Presumed.

Related words:

Presume (verb) - अनुमान करना

5. Emanate (verb): Originate from; be produced by/ to come out from a source. (निकलना/निर्गत होना) 

Synonyms: Arise, Derive, Emerge, Emit, Originate.

Antonyms: Hold, Keep, Conceal.

Example: If you rub the magical lamp, a genie will emanate from the bottle.

Verb forms: Emanate, Emanated, Emanated.

6. Dovetail (verb): To fit together in a pleasing or satisfying way/ to fit skillfully to form a whole.   (मेल खाना) 

Synonyms: Coincide, Match, Correspond, Harmonize.

Antonyms: Differ, Oppose, Mismatch, Divide.

Example: For any relation to be successful, the Habits of both sides should be dovetailed.

Verb forms: Dovetail, Dovetailed, Dovetailed.

7. Pragmatic (adjective):  Practical as opposed to idealistic. (व्यावहारिक/तथ्यात्मक)

Synonyms: Realistic, Logical, Un Idealistic, Practical.

Antonyms: Impractical, Idealistic, Unrealistic, Unreasonable.

Example: If you are traveling a great distance, the pragmatic approach is to take a plane.

Related Words:

Pragmatically (adverb) - व्यावहारिक ढंग से 

Pragmatist (noun) – यथार्थवादी

8. Tentative (adjective): Not certain or fixed; provisional.  (संभावित/अनिश्चित) 

Synonyms: Provisional, Unconfirmed, Unsettled, Indefinite,

Antonyms: Certain, Conclusive, Decisive, Definite, Final.

Example: Since I am unsure of my availability for tomorrow, I will set a tentative meeting time with you right now and then confirm later this evening.

Related words:

Tentatively (adverb) - अस्थायी तौर से

9. Surveillance (noun): Close observation of an individual or group/ close watch kept over someone or something.  (निगरानी)

Synonyms: Vigilance, Supervision, Observance, Monitoring.

Antonyms: Ignorance, Neglect, Negligence, Indifference, Inobservance.

Example: Conducting undercover surveillance was one of her job duties as a detective on the police force.

10. Vet (verb): Make a careful and critical examination of (something). (जाँचना) 

Synonyms: Assess, Evaluate, Appraise, Examine, Scrutinize, Inspect.

Antonyms: Forget, Ignore, Neglect, Overlook.

Example: They vetted her thoroughly before offering her the job.

Verb forms: Vet, Vetted, Vetted.

11. Persist (verb): Continue to exist; be prolonged/ continue in an opinion or course of action in spite of difficulty or opposition. (दृढ़ रहना/डटे रहना)

Synonyms: Endure, Persevere, Abide, Be Resolute.

Antonyms: Cease, Discontinue, Give Up, Halt, Stop.

Example: I can't believe that some tobacco executives persist in claiming that cigarettes haven't been proven to cause cancer.

Verb forms: Persist, Persisted, Persisted.

Related words:

Persistence (noun) - अटलता

Persistent (adjective) - अनवरत

12. Ratchet (verb): Cause something to rise (or fall) as a step in what is perceived as an irreversible process./ to cause to move by steps or degrees —usually used with up or down (tried to ratchet down the debt) (परिवर्तन होना/बदलना)

Synonyms: Alter, Change, Vary, Transform.

Antonyms: Stagnate, Retain.

Example: The implemented policies was so unfavorable to the farmers, it ratcheted up the ambience in the country.

Verb forms: Ratchet, Ratcheted, Ratcheted.

13. Latitude (noun): Scope for freedom of action or thought. (स्वाधीनता) 

Synonyms: Freedom, Scope, Leeway, Elbow Room, Liberty.

Antonyms: Extreme, Limitation, Restriction.

Example: Since my teacher gave us latitude in selecting essay topics, I’m going to think out of the box and choose an unusual subject.

14. Reticence (noun): The trait of being uncommunicative; not volunteering anything more than necessary. (मौन)

Synonyms: Reserve, Introversion, Undemonstrativeness, Taciturnity. 

Antonyms: Intervening, Interfering.

Example: While Barbara likes to discuss her personal life with our co-workers, I am much more reticent.

Related words:

Reticent (noun) – वाक्संयमी