English Vocab 44 By Anoop Verma Sir

1. Dread (adjective): Greatly feared; dreadful. (भयानक/खतरनाक) 
Synonyms: Awful, Feared, Frightening, Terrifying, Horrible, Dire.
Antonyms: Pleasant, Pleasing, Welcomed, Wonderful.
Example: Terror and dread filled the minds of all of the passengers aboard the failing aircraft.
Related words:
Dreaded (adjective) - खतरनाक
Dreadful (adjective) - भयंकर
Dreadfully (adverb) - भयानक रूप से
Dreadfulness (noun) - भयानकता

2. Naïve (adjective): Deficient in relevant experience/ of or created by one without formal training; simple or naive in style.  (सरल/सीधा)
Synonyms: Unsophisticated, Artless, Ingenuous.
Antonyms: Mature, Sophisticated.
Example: Because Jane grew up in a convent, she is very naive about life in the big city.
Related words:
Naivety (noun) – सरलता

3. Attribute (verb): Regard something as being caused by. (उत्तरदायी ठहराना/कारण बतलाना) 
Synonyms: Ascribe, Accredit, Impute.
Antonyms: Avoid, Ignore.
Example: As he was expelled out from the Company, his non-professional behavior was attributed as a major reason for that. 
Verb forms: Attribute, Attributed, Attributed.
Related words:
Attribute (noun) - विशेषता

4. Ponder (verb): Think about (something) carefully, especially before making a decision or reaching a conclusion/ to think about something seriously (सोचना/विचार करना)
Synonyms: Consider, Contemplate, Mull, Cerebrate.
Antonyms: Discard, Disregard, Forget, Ignore, Neglect.
Example: While sitting in rush hour traffic, James had plenty of time to ponder the miserable state of his marriage.
Verb forms: Ponder, Pondered, Pondered.
Related words:
Ponderable (adjective) – विचारणीय

5. Pertinent (adjective): Relevant or applicable to a particular matter.   (उचित/उपयुक्त) 
Synonyms: Apposite, Relevant, Suitable, Appropriate, Fitting, Apt.
Antonyms: Improper, Inapplicable, Inappropriate, Irrelevant, Unfitting, Unrelated, Unsuitable.
Example: The instructor included pertinent references to various books in his lecture on the development of the ethnic voice in English literature.
Related words:
Pertinently (adverb) - उपयुक्‍तता से

6. Lucre (noun):  Money, especially when regarded as sordid or distasteful or gained in a dishonorable way. (प्रलाभ/धन) 
Synonyms: Money, Capital, Earnings, Gain, Wealth.
Antonyms: Bills, Debt, Loss.
Example: Gangsters searched the house for hidden lucre but they only found a measly hundred dollars.

7. Straitened (adjective): Characterized by poverty. (तंग/दरिद्र) 
Synonyms: Impoverished, Poverty-Stricken, Poor, Destitute, Penniless,  Penurious, Impecunious, Indigent.
Antonyms: Affluent, Rich, Solvent, Wealthy.
Example: When my finances became more straitened I stopped giving her money.
Verb forms: Straiten, Straitened, Straitened.
Related words:
Straiten (verb) - bring into difficulties or distress, especially financial hardship.

8. Relegate (verb): Moving towards an inferior rank or position to.  (अवनति करना) 
Synonyms: Downgrade, Lower, Lower In Rank/Status, Put Down, Move Down.
Antonyms: Elate, Upgrade, Promote.
Example: As the coordinator of the show, Chuck decided to relegate the backstage duties to local technicians.
Verb forms: Relegate, Relegated, Relegated.
Related words:
Relegation (noun) - निर्वासन

9. Malignant (adjective): Evil in nature or effect.  (नुक़सानदेह/हानिकारक) 
Synonyms: Spiteful, Malevolent, Malicious, Malign, Evil-Intentioned, Baleful, Vicious.
Antonyms: Harmless, Helpful, Invigorating, Benign.
Example: When the doctors discovered a malignant tumor in Sam’s brain, they told him he only had six months to live.

10. Sophisticated (adjective): In a well organized and highly developed manner/ developed to a high degree of complexity.   (परिष्कृत)
Synonyms: Refined, Advanced, Practiced, Matured.
Antonyms: Unrefined, Uncultured.
Example: Because I prefer comedy movies, I turned down my friend’s offer to see the sophisticated French film.
Related words:
Sophistication (noun) - परिष्करण 
Sophisticate (noun) - परिष्कृत व्यक्ति

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