English Vocab 59 By Anoop Verma Sir

1. Proponent (noun): A person who advocates a theory, proposal, or course of action. /an individual who supports a cause.  (विचार उपस्थितकरनेवाला/प्रस्तावक)
Synonyms: Advocate, Supporter, Promoter, Adherent, Endorser.
Antonyms: Opponent, Antagonist.
Example: Because April loves animals, she is a fierce proponent of the animal rights movement.

2. Threshold (noun): The magnitude or intensity that must be exceeded for a certain reaction, phenomenon, result, or condition to occur or be manifested. (दहलीज़/सीमा रेखा)
Synonyms: Brink, Verge, Doorstep, Edge.
Antonyms: End, Finish.
Example: Without a job, Jim will soon be at the threshold of bankruptcy.

3. Liability (noun): The state of being legally responsible for something/ a thing for which someone is responsible, especially an amount of money owed. (देयता)
Synonyms: Legal responsibility, Answerability, Financial obligation.
Antonyms: Irresponsibility, Unaccountability.
Example: After losing his job, John realized he could not afford the liability that came along with buying a new car.
Related words:
Liable (adjective) - देनदार

4. Utopia (noun): An imagined place or state of things in which everything is perfect. (आदर्श स्थिति)   
Synonyms: Ideal Place, Paradise, Dreamland, Elysium.
Antonyms: hell, abyss.
Example: In Jane’s utopia, everyone would wait on her and call her Princess Jane.
Related words:
Utopian (adjective) – आदर्श

5. Earmark (verb): Designate (funds or resources) for a particular purpose. (निश्चित करना)  
Synonyms: Allocate, Consecrate, Reserve, Set By.
Antonyms: Ignore, Neglect, Misapply.
Example: The cash had been earmarked for a big expansion of the programme.  
Verb forms: Earmark, Earmarked, Earmarked.

6. Ominously (adverb): In a way that suggests that something bad is going to happen. (अनिष्टसूचक रूप से)
Synonyms: Ill-Fortunately, Doom Fully, Darkly, Gloomily.
Antonyms: Fortunately, Bright Fully, Cheerfully.
Example: The broken window was an ominous sign someone had broken into our home.
Related words:
Ominous (adjective) – अनिष्टसूचक

7. Envisage (verb): Contemplate or conceive of as a possibility or a desirable future event. (विचार करना/का ध्यान करना)
Synonyms: Conceive, Ideate, Foresee, Predict, Forecast, Foretell, Anticipate.
Antonyms: Disregard, Ignore.
Example: I envisage a day when proper health care will be available to everyone.
Verb forms: Envisage, Envisaged, Envisaged.

8. Hostile (adjective): Showing or feeling opposition or dislike (विपरीत)  
Synonyms: Adverse, Contrary, Opposed, Averse, Antagonistic, Ill-Disposed.
Antonyms: Agreeable, Aiding.
Example: When I saw the hostile man approaching my car, I immediately locked my doors.
Related words:
Hostilely (adverb) - विरोधपूर्वक

9. Entail (verb): Involve (something) as a necessary or inevitable part or consequence. ( (के लिए आवश्यक होना)   
Synonyms: Involve, Require, need, call for, Necessitate.
Antonyms: Exclude, un-necessitate. 
Example: Winning the war will entail sending ten thousand soldiers to a foreign country.
Verb forms: Entail, Entailed, Entailed.

10. In Toto (adverb): As a whole. (पूर्णतः)
Synonyms: Totally, Entirely, Completely, Wholly, Fully.
Antonyms: Incompletely, Partly.
Example: The judge accepted the testimony in Toto, as that was the only proof regarding the case.

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